The aim of this study was to investigate the incidence and characteristics of malignant neoplasms of the skin of the head and neck region in the Osijek-Baranya County during the 2004-2012 period according to gender, age, place of residence, place of work, occupation, type and location of the neoplasm, and phenotypic characteristics of patients. Subjects: The study included all subjects with the diagnosis confirmed by histopathology finding and residents of the Osijek-Baranya County. The study included a total of 2952 persons, 1487 (50.4%) male and 1465 (49.6%) female, yielding an approximate annual incidence of 104/100,000. Mean age was 72 years. Respondents were mostly from rural areas (n=1952, 66.2%). There were 2137 (72.4%) of respondents mostly working outdoors, mainly farmers (n=907, 42.4%) and construction workers (n=889, 41.6%). Results: According to the type of neoplasm, the basal cell type was most common with 2160 (73.2%) patients. Ninety-three (3.1%) patients had malignant melanoma. According to localization, face was the most common site of malignant neoplasms with 839 (28.7%) and nose with 643 (22.0%) patients. Squamous cell carcinoma was significantly more common in men (n=341, 56.6%) as compared with women (n=262, (43.4%; p=0.005). Subjects with malignant melanoma were significantly younger, with median age of 67 years. There were no signifi cant differences according to the type of malignant neoplasms and place of residence, place of business, and occupation with regard to working outdoors or indoors. According to localization, significantly more squamous cell malignancies were found on the ears and lips (p=0.039 and p<0.001, respectively), malignant melanomas on the neck, head and eyes (p=0.004, p<0.001 and p=0.026, respectively), and basal cell neoplasms on the nose (p=0.002). There were no significant differences in the type and frequency of malignant neoplasms according to hair and eye color. Conclusion: It is obvious that the disease occurs after a decades-long incubation period and the cumulative effect of exposure to risk factors, with direct sun exposure, seems to have a significant role. Additional research is needed.